Pegasus Astro Club

Pegasus Astro Club adalah sebuah ekskul di SMAN 1 Subang yang berhubungan dengan Astronomi.

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Beautiful Nebulas

Nebula
Nebula
Nebula
Lagoon
Orion Ware
Iris
Eyes

Jam

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Astronomy's Quotes

Mortal as I am, I know that I am born for a day. But when I follow at my pleasure the serried multitude of the stars in their circular course, my feet no longer touch the earth - Ptolemy, c. 150 AD

With every passing hour our solar system comes forty-three thousand miles closer to globular cluster 13 in the constellation Hercules, and still there is no such thing as progress - Ransom K. Ferm

Magnicifent Desolation. - Buzz Aldrin's description of the outer space.

Pengikut

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Astronomi

Astronomi adalah ilmu yang melibatkan pengamatan dan penjelasan kejadian di luar bumi dan atmosfernya. Ilmu ini mempelajari asal-usul, evolusi, sifat fisik, dan kimiawi benda-benda yang bisa dilihat di langit (dan di luar bumi), juga proses yang melibatkan mereka.

Nebula

Nebula adalah awan antar bintang yang terdiri dari debu, gas, dan plasma. Pada awalnya, Nebula adalah nama umum untuk benda astronomi yang melintang, termasuk galaksi seperti Galaksi Bima Sakti (Contoh lain : Galaksi Andromeda dahulunya disebut sebagai Nebula Andromeda sebelum galaksi ditemukan oleh Edwin Hubble).

Galaksi

Galaksi adalah sebuah sistem yang terikat oleh gaya gravitasi yang terdiri atas bintang (dengan segala bentuk manifestasinya, antara lain bintang neutron dan lubang hitam), gas, dan debu kosmik medium antar bintang, dan kemungkinan substansi hipotesis yang dikenal dengan materi gelap.

Planet

Planet adalah benda langit yang memiliki ciri-ciri: Mengorbit bintang, mempunyai massa yang cukup untuk memiliki gravitasi, tidak terlalu besar, telah mengosongkan orbit. Planet diambil dari kata Asteres Planetai yang artinya Bintang Pengelana.

Bintang

Bintang adalah benda langit yang dapat memancarkan cahaya. Bintang dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu bintang semu dan bintang nyata. Bintang semu adalah bintang yang tidak mengeluarkan cahaya sendiri, namum memantulkan cahaya, sedangkan bintang nyata adalah bintang yang dapat mengeluarkan cahaya sendiri.

Archive for Juli 2011

Aladin



Aladin could be thought of as an astronomy browser. Instead of the internet, Aladin browses through astronomy images, density maps, and other astronomy sources, e.g. Hubble images, the Simbad database, and the VizieR service. You select the item you wish to view and it automatically downloads a view of the item selected.

This program provides access to professional quality telescope images in several wavelengths. In effect you are looking through a very large telescope. The images are downloaded from the internet so some displays take a few seconds to update—your results would depend of course on the connection speed and on how many databases are being utilized. One can apparently download files for offline viewing.

I could superimpose various views in to one and I could open up to 16 panels with images in each.

It was one of only two programs which indexed every star and deep space object in my test sample as well as showing several images of each item. You can also point at a specific location using the right ascension and declination coordinates. You can bookmark views.

Since Aladin is a sky atlas image viewer and not a planetarium program it has no solar system objects in its index. Obviously there could be images of the solar objects in many of these images but it's beyond my ability to locate them.

Requires Java 1.5 and runs under Windows, Linux, and Mac.

Computer Aided Astronomy (aka C2A)




Computer Aided Astronomy (aka C2A) was also fairly easy to use. Its index is second only to Cartes du Ciel in thoroughness. There are several additional catalogs for download.

There are a lot of images included with the program. Unlike several of the other planetarium programs the images are viewed through a separate window in the image browser. If there is an internet connection, the program can download images from either the ESO or the STScl sky surveys for display in either the image viewer or directly in the planetarium field of view.

I liked the data section to the left of the planetarium window with the details about the object on display. I liked the ability to move forward or back through recent views and the ability to bookmark views.

Computer Aided Astronomy has an ephemeris generator which can generate tables for the sun, planets, moon, comets, and asteroids between any two dates. There are tools to generate trajectories of planets, asteroids, and comets between any two dates. One tool shows the moon phases for the entire month. The Ecliptic View tool displays an animated view of the solar system with comets and asteroids.

Computer Aided Astronomy can control a computerized telescope mount.

Windows only.
 
Cartes du Ciel (Skychart)

 

Cartes du Ciel (aka Skychart) is a very easy to use planetarium program. Its in depth index found every object in my test sample with the exception of UGC 9128. Additional catalogs for stars down to magnitude 16 (UCAC3) are available on the website, along with several specialty catalogs. There are instructions for adding the entire PPMXL catalog (magnitude 20), which I didn't attempt as it required 148 GB of hard disk and 24 GB of ram.

Cartes du Ciel has a calendar calculating ephemerides for twilight, planets, sun, moon, comets, asteroids, and solar and lunar eclipses between any two dates. And there is a variable star observer with the predictions of minima and maxima for many variable stars for the next couple of cycles.

Cartes du Ciel can control a computerized telescope mount.

The program includes images of many deep space objects right in the planetarium window. I didn't notice any actual stellar images or planetary images. However, the online documentation indicates that planetary images are available in the Linux version. No bookmarks.

Windows, Linux, and Mac versions.
 
Stellarium 



Stellarium creates fairly realistic views of the sky. The basic program has over 600,000 stars (roughly up to magnitude 9.9) with another 240 million available as add-ons. This is the only free program that shows constellation groupings for other cultures.

The zoom in shows actual images of planets and some deep space objects.

Stellarium provides many visual effects, including the Milky Way, twinkling stars, shooting stars, clouds, and light pollution. Several landscapes are included.

The telescope control plug in allows Stellarium to control a computerized telescope. The Satellites plug in calculates and renders satellites in Earth orbit from NORAD/TLE data.

Its catalog is weak in comets and asteroids.

Windows, Linux, and Mac versions.
 
Sky-Map.org




Sky-Map.org (aka WikiSky) is an online viewer utilizing your browser. The images here are in color and come from several sources, e.g. DSS2 all Sky Survey, IRAS Infrared Sky Survey, and user uploaded photos.

The index also found every star and deep space object in my test sample. Oddly it also indexed the location of the planets but no images were available.

The website allows one to upload an image for display in the catalog. Some of the views have many layers of images each opaque to the ones beneath. Left clicking on an area with one or more images opens a popup window where you can select the desired image for viewing. When zoomed out a bit the layered images look a bit odd.

Requires an Internet connection and browser.
 

Celestia 

Celestia is a space travel simulator. You can travel throughout the solar system, to any of over 100,000 stars, or even beyond the galaxy. There are add ins to expand the catalogs and images of comets, stars, solar system objects, and deep space objects. You can even add in fictional objects such as Star Wars, Star Trek, Babylon 5, etc.

I feel this is a fun way to view many of the objects themselves. There are images of many solar system objects, e.g. Deimos and Ceres.

As this is a simulator and not a planetarium program, Celestia does not indicate constellations, have telescope controls, or have a method for pointing to a specific location, e.g. RA 02:31:49.09 dec +89:15:50.8. (Not intended as a criticism—just an observation.)
 
WorldWide Telescope Windows Client  & WorldWide Telescope Web Client 



WorldWide Telescope comes in two versions, Windows Client and Web Client. Both versions are very similar and work equally well. If connected to the Internet the Windows client automatically downloads images that aren't already in the catalog.

The Windows Client version can control a computerized telescope.

Its catalog is weak in comets, asteroids, and planetary moons, e.g. only Jupiter shows moons.
 
Home Planet 


Home Planet excels at locating artificial satellites, comets, and asteroids. There are 256,000 stars in its catalog. Planetary moons such as Titan aren't shown.

The display isn't as realistic as others. The default sky display is a sky map display, e.g. as a circle with straight up as the center and the horizon as the circumference. There are smaller displays centered on the horizon and a telescope zoom window. There are no images. Solar system objects are indicated by symbols.

Home Planet is portable.

(Diurutkan berdasarkan rating dan kualitas) 

Dingin, jauh dari Matahari, tapi Pluto tak sendiri. Setelah Charon yang ditemukan pada tahun 1978, dan kemudian disusul oleh penemuan Nix dan Hydra tahun 2005, kini Pluto mempunyai teman baru, yang diberi nama sementara P4. Teman baru ini adalah satelit alam (bulan) yang mengorbit planet kerdil Pluto.

Gabungan dari citra-citra yang diambil Teleskop Ruang Angkasa Hubble menunjukkan empat bulan mengorbit Pluto. Kredit: NASA, ESA, dan M. Showalter
Teleskop Ruang Angkasa Hubble (HST) yang lah yang berjasa menemukan bulan kecil ini. Dari jarak 5 milyar km, kamera HST mampu mendeteksi P4. Pertama kali P4 terlihat dalam citra yang diambil oleh kamera medan luas 3 (Wide Field Camera 3) teleskop Hubble pada tanggal 28 Juni. Kemudian objek ini terlihat lagi pada citra yang diambil pada tanggal 3 Juli dan 18 Juli. Bulan kecil ini tidak terlihat pada citra-citra yang diambil teleskop Hubble sebelumnya karena exposure timeyang diterapkan pada saat itu lebih singkat.
Diameter bulan baru yang diberi nama sementara P4 ini diperkirakan antara 13-34 km. Bandingkan dengan diameter Charon, satelit Pluto yang terbesar, yang mencapai 1043 km, dan juga Nix dan Hydra yang diameternya antara 32-113 km. Jadi, sementara ini P4 terkecil di antara bulan-bulan yang ditemukan mengorbit Pluto. Sementara itu, posisi P4 terletak di antara orbit Nix dan Hydra.

Ilustrasi sistem satelit yang mengorbit Pluto. Orbit P4, terletak di antara orbit Nix dan Hydra. Kredit: NASA, ESA, dan A. Feild (STScI)
Kita ingat bahwa analisa batuan yang diambil dari Bulan oleh misi-misi Apollo telah menggiring astronom berkesimpulan jika tumbukan antara Bumi dan objek sebesar planet Mars telah terjadi 4.4 milyar tahun silam dan material yang terlontar berakresi membentuk Bulan. Keseluruan sistem satelit yang mengorbit Pluto terbentuk akibat tumbukan yang serupa. Tumbukan diyakini telah terjadi antara Pluto dan objek lain yang kurang lebih sebesar planet. Tumbukan ini terjadi ketika Tata Surya kita masih muda. Material yang terlontar akibat tumbukan ini bergabung menjadi sekeluarga satelit yang mengedari Pluto. Astronom menduga material yang dilontarkan bulan-bulan Pluto akibat tumbukan-tumbukan antarmaterial berukuran mikro membentuk cincin di sekeliling planet kerdil. Sejauh ini Teleskop Hubble belum mendeteksi cincin semacam ini.
Penemuan ini turut mendukung misi New Horizon yang tengah dikerjakan NASA. Misi ini dijadwalkan akan diluncurkan tahun 2015 dan ditujukan untuk memperoleh pemahaman baru mengenai dunia di tepi luar Tata Surya kita. Pemetaan permukaan Pluto yang dilakukan teleskop Hubble dan penemuan satelit-satelit sangat berharga dalam merencanakan bagaimana New Horizon nanti terbang mendekati Pluto serta observasi lebih detail saat New Horizon terbang-dekat melintasi Pluto.
Sumber: NASA Science News